Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea)

Group Kinglets
Code ABPBJ08010
Order Passeriformes
Family Sylviidae
Author (Linnaeus, 1766)
Rank G5 (definitions)
Occurrence SM (definitions)
Scale C (definitions)

County List:

Western UP Dickinson, Menominee
Eastern UP Chippewa, Schoolcraft, Mackinac
Northern LP Clare, Gladwin, Crawford, Bay, Arenac, Alpena, Alcona, Otsego, Oscoda, Oceana, Roscommon, Newaygo, Lake, Isabella, Leelanau, Iosco, Manistee, Mason, Mecosta, Midland
Southern LP all

Rule:

Mixed Forested/Nonforested Landscapes

      (Oak (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Assorted Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Northern Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Swamp Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Bottomland Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
view decision rule term definitions

Habitat List:

Habitats Regen Sap Pole Sm Saw Lg Saw Uneven
Aspen nonononono-
Paper Birch nonononono-
Oak nononoYESYESYES
Assorted Hardwoods nononoYESYESYES
Northern Hardwoods nononoYESYESYES
Spruce/Fir nononononono
Hemlock nononononono
Jack Pine nononononono
Red Pine nononononono
White Pine nononononono
Conifer Plantations nonononono-
Mixed Upland Hardwoods nononononono
Mixed Northern Hardwoods nononononono
Mixed Upland Conifer nononononono
Mixed Pine nononononono
Swamp Hardwoods nononoYESYESYES
Balsam Poplar & Swamp Aspen & Swamp Birch nononononono
Bottomland Hardwoods nononoYESYESYES
Tamarack nononononono
Northern White Cedar nononononono
Black Spruce nononononono
Mixed Lowland Hardwoods nononononono
Mixed Lowland Conifer nononononono
Non-Forestednone
Special Featuresnone

view size class definitions

Literature:

Adams, R. J. Jr. 1991. Blue-gray Ghatcatcher. Pages 346-347 In: R. Brewer, G. A. McPeek, and R. J. Adams, Jr. (eds.) The atlas of breeding birds of Michigan. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing. 594 pp.

Habitat: Throughout its range this species occurs in a variety of habitats including primary and second-growth deciduous forest, scrub, chaparral, oak savanna, pinyon, and juniper. Atlas Habitat Survey results included 30 gnatcatcher observations. Of these, 9 were in dry deciduous forest, 12 in mesic deciduous forest, 7 in wet deciduous forest, and 2 in dry mixed forest. Beech-maple, oak and oak-hickory, elm-ash-red maple swamp, and silver maple-sycamore floodplain were the most frequently used forest types. Walkinshaw and Adams found it most common in semi-open floodplain. Graber et al. in Illinois also found riparian forest to be the breeding habitat sheltering the highest densities of gnatcatchers.

Nests are built on horizontal branches from 1.2 to 21.3 m above ground, averaging 7.6 m. The finely built cup-shaped nest is lichen-covered and may be located in oaks, sycamores, walnut, silver maple, or ash, and is commonly near an opening such as a river, road, or lake.


DeGraaf, R. M. and D. D. Rudis. 1986. New England wildlife: habitat, natural history, and distribution. GTR NE-108. Broomall, PA:USDA, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 491 pp.

Habitat: Breeding: Open, moist woodlands, interspersed with brushy clearings, often oak, pine, or mixed woods, bottomland forests with closed canopies, wooded swamps, stream-side thickets. Favors tall trees.

Special Habitat Requirements: An abundant supply of arthropods.


Kaufman, K. 1996. Lives of North American Birds. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 675 pp.

Habitat: Open woods, oaks, pines, thickets. Breeding habitat varies with region. In east, mostly in deciduous forest dominated by oak, ash, or maple, or in southern pine woods with understory of oak.

Diet: Mostly insects. Feeds on a wide variety of small insects, including leafhoppers, treehoppers, plant bugs, leaf beetles, caterpillars, flies, small wasps. Also eats many spiders.

Nest: Site is in tree, often deciduous. Nest saddled on top of horizontal limb of tree, less often in fork of horizontal limb; height above ground is quite variable, 2-80 feet up, but 20-40 feet may be typical. Nest is a compact open cup of grass, weeds, plant fibers, strips of bark, lined with plant down, animal hair, feathers. Outside of nest coated with spider webs and decorated with pieces of lichen, making nest well camouflaged.