Canada Warbler (Wilsonia canadensis)


Group	Warblers
Code	ABPBX16030
Order	Passeriformes
Family	Parulidae
Author	(Linnaeus, 1766)
Rank	G5 (definitions)
Occurrence	LM (definitions)
Scale	S (definitions)

County List:


Western UP	all
Eastern UP	all
Northern LP	Cheboygan, Gladwin, Emmet, Crawford, Clare, Alpena, Charlevoix, Alcona, Antrim, Benzie, Osceola, Midland, Montmorency, Newaygo, Oceana, Ogemaw, Wexford, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Kalkaska, Mecosta, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Mason, Lake, Leelanau, Manistee, Isabella
Southern LP	Berrien, Clinton, Cass, Allegan, Barry, Muskegon, Ottawa, St. Clair, Sanilac, Shiawassee, Van Buren, Tuscola, Gratiot, Huron, Ingham, Kalamazoo, Kent, Livingston

Rule:

Forested or Mixed Forested/Nonforested Landscapes

      (Northern Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Mixed Upland Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
      or (Mixed Northern Hardwoods (Sm Saw or Lg Saw or Uneven))
   containing:
      Dead Down Woody Debris

view decision rule term definitions

Habitat List:

Habitats	Regen	Sap	Pole	Sm Saw	Lg Saw	Uneven
Aspen	no	no	no	no	no	-
Paper Birch	no	no	no	no	no	-
Oak	no	no	no	no	no	no
Assorted Hardwoods	no	no	no	no	no	no
Northern Hardwoods	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Spruce/Fir	no	no	no	no	no	no
Hemlock	no	no	no	no	no	no
Jack Pine	no	no	no	no	no	no
Red Pine	no	no	no	no	no	no
White Pine	no	no	no	no	no	no
Conifer Plantations	no	no	no	no	no	-
Mixed Upland Hardwoods	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Mixed Northern Hardwoods	no	no	no	YES	YES	YES
Mixed Upland Conifer	no	no	no	no	no	no
Mixed Pine	no	no	no	no	no	no
Swamp Hardwoods	no	no	no	no	no	no
Balsam Poplar & Swamp Aspen & Swamp Birch	no	no	no	no	no	no
Bottomland Hardwoods	no	no	no	no	no	no
Tamarack	no	no	no	no	no	no
Northern White Cedar	no	no	no	no	no	no
Black Spruce	no	no	no	no	no	no
Mixed Lowland Hardwoods	no	no	no	no	no	no
Mixed Lowland Conifer	no	no	no	no	no	no
Non-Forested	none
Special Features	Dead Down Woody Debris

view size class definitions

Literature:

Binford, L. C. 1991. Canada Warbler. Pages 450-451 In: R. Brewer, G. A. McPeek, and R. J. Adams, Jr. (eds.) The atlas of breeding birds of Michigan. Michigan State University Press, East Lansing. 594 pp.

Habitat: The primary breeding habitats are mesic deciduous forest, wet mixed forest, and mesic mixed forest, the last consisting of northern hardwoods, eastern white pine, balsam fir, eastern hemlock, and northern white cedar. Within these habitats, the Canada Warbler prefers cool, humid, deciduous thickets, usually beneath or adjacent to a heavy canopy and in association with open water, such as small permanent creeks. Less often it occupies shrub wetlands supporting low dense alders adjacent to ponds, streams, swamps, and bogs. Dense shrub and short-tree layers are especially important, because this species nests on or near the ground and forages generally below 5 m (16 ft).

The well-concealed nest is placed on the ground or up to 0.9 m (3 ft), usually in a grass clump or at the base of a stump, log, or upturned root.

DeGraaf, R. M. and D. D. Rudis. 1986. New England wildlife: habitat, natural history, and distribution. GTR NE-108. Broomall, PA:USDA, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. 491 pp.

Habitat: Breeding: Occupies a variety of habitats from lowlands to uplands, coniferous to deciduous. Favors shrubby undergrowth in cool, moist, mature woodlands, aspen and cherry "burns", streamside thickets, cedar bogs, weedy ravines, and, less often, dry forest edge with young trees.

Kaufman, K. 1996. Lives of North American Birds. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, Massachusetts. 675 pp.

Habitat: Forest undergrowth, shady thickets. Breeds in mature mixed hardwoods of extensive forests and streamside thickets. Prefers to nest in moist habitat: in luxuriant undergrowth, near swamps, on stream banks, in rhododendron thickets, in deep, rocky ravines, and in moist deciduous second growth.

Diet: Largely insects. Feeds on many kinds of insects, including beetles, mosquitoes, flies, moths, and smooth caterpillars such as cankerworms; also spiders.

Nest: Placed on or within 6 inches of ground, on sphagnum hummocks, roots of fallen trees. Nest is bulky open cup, loosely constructed of dead leaves or leaf skeletons, bark strips, grasses, weeds, ferns; lined with fern roots, horsehair, and plant fibers.

Conservation Status: Favoring shady forest undergrowth in summer and probably in winter, this warbler could be vulnerable to loss of habitat with clearing of forest.